Even Taylor Swift, the world's biggest current star, got behind Harris. Her presence added a significant boost to the campaign's star power. The mere mention of these names drew attention and generated excitement.
However, as the campaign unfolded, it became clear that the celebrity support was not enough to secure victory. The election results showed that the power of stardom alone could not overcome the challenges faced by the campaign.
Stevie Nicks expressed her belief that Harris was "our great hope to save the world" and even hinted at playing at Harris's inauguration. Beyoncé, whose "Freedom" became Harris's unofficial campaign song, along with Jennifer Lopez, George Clooney, Lizzo, Katy Perry, Jon Bon Jovi, and Cardi B, all made appearances for the Democrat. These celebrities brought their fan bases and their influence to the campaign.
But the question remains: did this extensive use of celebrity power actually make a difference? While it generated a lot of buzz and attention, it did not translate into enough votes to secure the presidency.
By contrast, Donald Trump's Republican campaign was known for its battles with celebrities. Musicians complained about the president-elect using their songs at rallies. Neil Young even sued to stop Trump from using a song he had used to announce his presidential campaign. Trump's comments about Beyoncé not singing at a Harris rally in Houston added to the drama.
The financial details of Harris's campaign spending on celebrity events have raised concerns among Democrats. They are now questioning whether their reliance on A-list celebrity endorsements is a sign of their loss of working-class voters.
Professor Andy Gershon of Syracuse University points out that the celebrities were appearing at rallies filled with people who were already going to vote for Harris. Springsteen would have been more effective canvassing factory floors or assembly lines in Michigan, where he sings about. Beyoncé would have had a greater impact in the nail or hair salons of Houston. The message is that celebrities may not be the most effective way to reach out to voters and address their concerns.
Harris's choice to appear on a Vogue cover as voting began also drew criticism. While it may have been a nice photo for the mantlepiece, it sent the wrong message to anti-elite voters concerned about paying grocery bills and rent. Polls showed that these were the major issues on voters' minds.
Trump's campaign played up the drama of two near-miss assassination attempts and presented the candidate himself as the main celebrity draw. This approach seemed to resonate with some voters, while Harris's celebrity-backed campaign struggled to make an impact.
Robert Thompson, director of the Bleier Center for television and popular culture, believes that celebrity endorsements can influence certain aspects of life, such as buying shoes and fragrances, but they have little effect on changing people's minds about politics, especially in an election where people have already taken sides.